Scientific Programming: Visualisation¶

Christian Elsasser (che@physik.uzh.ch)

The content of the lecture might be reused, also in parts, under the CC-licence by-sa 4.0

In [1]:
import matplotlib as mpl
print("%s -- Version: %s"%(mpl.__name__,mpl.__version__))
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

matplotlib -- Version: 3.5.2
In [2]:
import numpy as np

Simple plot¶

Line chart¶

The standard way to create quickly a plot.

In [3]:
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
y = x**2
plt.plot(x, y, '-')
plt.show()

The latest used axis is the active one that can be modified. Better is to handle it via explicit handles on the figure and axes.

In [4]:
fig = plt.figure('my figure',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots(nrows=1,ncols=1) # 1 is the default for nrows and 
ax.plot(x,y,'-',label='Random')
ax.set_xlabel(r'$x$')
ax.set_ylabel(r'$y$')
ax.legend()
Out[4]:
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x109623400>

Scatter chart¶

In [5]:
# We create some random x,y data plus size and values to represent the color
N = 40
x = np.random.randn(N)
y = (x+np.random.randn(N))**2
size = x**2*20
color = np.sin(y)
In [6]:
fig = plt.figure('my scatter chart',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
sp = ax.scatter(x,y,s = size ,c = color)
cb = fig.colorbar(sp)

Errorbar chart¶

In [7]:
# We additionally create errors for x and y
yerr = y**0.5
xerr = 0.1

fig = plt.figure('my errorbar chart',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.errorbar(x,y,yerr,xerr,fmt='k.')
Out[7]:
<ErrorbarContainer object of 3 artists>

Band chart¶

In [8]:
# We additionally create errors for x and y
N = 101
t = np.linspace(0,10,N)
x = np.random.randn(N).cumsum()+100
std = x.std()
In [9]:
fig = plt.figure('my band chart',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.fill_between(t,x-std,x+std,color='grey',alpha=0.5,label=r'1\sigma conf. band')
ax.plot(t,x,'k-')
Out[9]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1094f3b20>]

Bar chart¶

In [10]:
# We create a histogram out of some random data
x = np.random.randn(1000)
bins = np.linspace(-5,5,101)
h,bins = np.histogram(x,bins)
In [14]:
fig = plt.figure('my histogram',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
bin_center = (bins[:-1]+bins[1:])*0.5
bin_width = (bins[1:]-bins[:-1])
ax.bar(bin_center,h,width=bin_width*0.8,label="Random",facecolor='#FC4C02')
ax.legend(frameon=False)
Out[14]:
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x109c46800>

Alignment of subplots¶

We can also define an array of subplots

In [15]:
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
y = x**2
In [17]:
fig = plt.figure('my 4 figures',figsize=(8,6))
axs = fig.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2,sharex=False,sharey=False)
axs
Out[17]:
array([[<AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>],
       [<AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>]], dtype=object)
In [18]:
fig = plt.figure('my 4 figures',figsize=(8,6))
axs = fig.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2,sharex=True,sharey=True)
axs[0,0].plot(x,y,'b-')
axs[1,0].plot(x+1,y,'r-')
axs[0,1].plot(x,y+1,'g-')
axs[1,1].plot(x+1,y+1,'y-')
Out[18]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x11833bbb0>]

We can also only add individual subplots.

In [19]:
fig = plt.figure('my 4 figures',figsize=(8,6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3) 
# The numbering of subplots starts top left with and follows a reading order (as in English)
ax.plot(x,y,'-')
fig.savefig('example_4grid_partial.png')

!!! The display is cropped in the inline mode of notebooks!!!

In [20]:
!open example_4grid_partial.png
In [21]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot grid',figsize=(6,4),layout="constrained")
gs_kw = dict(
    width_ratios=[1.4, 1],  # From left to right
    height_ratios=[1, 2, 2] # From top to bottom
)
axd = fig.subplot_mosaic([['upper left', 'right'],
                          ['center', 'right'],
                          ['lower left', 'right']],
                              gridspec_kw=gs_kw,
                              )
axd # Not a list, put a dictionnary
Out[21]:
{'upper left': <AxesSubplot:label='upper left'>,
 'right': <AxesSubplot:label='right'>,
 'center': <AxesSubplot:label='center'>,
 'lower left': <AxesSubplot:label='lower left'>}

Adding axes mannually

In [22]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot in plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax_in = ax.inset_axes([0.5,0.5,0.4,0.4]) # <-- position 
# relative to the axes 
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
ax_in.plot(y,x)
Out[22]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1185d2c50>]
In [23]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot in plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax_in = fig.add_axes([0.5,0.5,0.4,0.4]) # <-- position 
# relative to the figure
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
ax_in.plot(y,x)
Out[23]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x11868afb0>]

Plot functionality of other libraries¶

Pandas¶

In [24]:
import pandas as pd
t = np.linspace(0,2,501)
v = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
df = pd.DataFrame({'time':t,'value':v})
In [25]:
fig = plt.figure('my oscillation',figsize=(6, 4))
ax = fig.subplots()
df.plot('time','value',ax=ax)
Out[25]:
<AxesSubplot:xlabel='time'>

Seaborn¶

In [26]:
import seaborn as sns
In [27]:
iris = pd.read_csv("iris.csv")
iris.head()
Out[27]:
SepalLength SepalWidth PetalLength PetalWidth Name
0 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
2 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 Iris-setosa
3 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 Iris-setosa
4 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
In [28]:
fig = plt.figure('my kernel density plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
sns.kdeplot(iris['SepalLength'],ax=ax)
Out[28]:
<AxesSubplot:xlabel='SepalLength', ylabel='Density'>
In [29]:
fig = plt.figure('my pairplot',figsize=(8,8))
p = sns.pairplot(iris, diag_kind="kde", hue="Name")
fig = plt.gcf()
fig.savefig('pairplot.png')

<Figure size 576x576 with 0 Axes>
In [30]:
plt.gca()
Out[30]:
<AxesSubplot:>

Geospatial visualisation¶

Geopandas¶

In [31]:
import geopandas as gpd
In [32]:
# Geopandas comes with certain datasets
gpd.datasets.available
Out[32]:
['naturalearth_cities', 'naturalearth_lowres', 'nybb']
In [33]:
world = gpd.read_file(gpd.datasets.get_path('naturalearth_lowres'))
world.head()
Out[33]:
pop_est continent name iso_a3 gdp_md_est geometry
0 889953.0 Oceania Fiji FJI 5496 MULTIPOLYGON (((180.00000 -16.06713, 180.00000...
1 58005463.0 Africa Tanzania TZA 63177 POLYGON ((33.90371 -0.95000, 34.07262 -1.05982...
2 603253.0 Africa W. Sahara ESH 907 POLYGON ((-8.66559 27.65643, -8.66512 27.58948...
3 37589262.0 North America Canada CAN 1736425 MULTIPOLYGON (((-122.84000 49.00000, -122.9742...
4 328239523.0 North America United States of America USA 21433226 MULTIPOLYGON (((-122.84000 49.00000, -120.0000...
In [34]:
world.geometry[3]
Out[34]:
In [35]:
fig = plt.figure('my world',figsize=(20, 5))
ax = fig.subplots()
ix = (world.pop_est>0) & (world.name!="Antarctica")
plot = world[ix].plot(column='pop_est', ax=ax, legend=True, cmap="OrRd")
ax.plot([-180,180],[0,0],'k--') 
# you can also add "usual" plots like line charts to the visualisation
Out[35]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x12e837a90>]
In [36]:
# Geopandas also has natural breaks built in making cholorpleth maps better to read
fig = plt.figure('my world with natural breaks',figsize=(20, 5))
ax = fig.subplots()
ix = (world.pop_est>0) & (world.name!="Antarctica")
world[ix].plot(column='pop_est', ax=ax, cmap="OrRd",scheme="natural_breaks",k=9) 
# parameter k stears the number of categories
ax.plot([-180,180],[0,0],'k--')
Out[36]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1336c0910>]

3D plot¶

In [37]:
def f(x,y):
    return 10-x**2-y**2-y*x

Contour plots¶

In [38]:
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 61)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, 61)
xg, yg = np.meshgrid(x, y)
z = f(xg, yg)
In [39]:
fig = plt.figure('my contour plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.contour(xg, yg, z)
plt.show()
In [40]:
fig = plt.figure('my contour plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.contourf(xg, yg, z, 20, cmap='RdGy')
plt.show()

True 3D visualisations¶

In [41]:
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
plt.show()
In [42]:
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
cmap = plt.cm.viridis
x_, y_, z_ = xg.flatten(), yg.flatten(), z.flatten()
surf = ax.plot_trisurf(x_, y_, z_, cmap=cmap)
fig.colorbar(surf)
plt.show()

Styling plots¶

In [43]:
t = np.linspace(0,4,10001)
y = 0.85*np.sin(np.pi*t)**2*np.exp(-0.25*t)
In [44]:
fig = plt.figure('my styled plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(t,y,color='darkgreen',linewidth=2,linestyle='dashed',label='A')

# limits
ax.set_xlim([0,3.5])
ax.set_ylim([0,1.0])

# labels
ax.set_ylabel(r'Latitude $\theta$')
ax.set_xlabel(r'Relative time $\tau$')

# ticks and ticks labels
ax.set_yticks([0,0.7,0.9])
ax.set_yticklabels(["{0:.0f}°".format(l*100) for l in ax.get_yticks()])

from matplotlib import ticker
ax.set_xticks([1,2,2.5],minor=False)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.PercentFormatter(xmax=2))

# grid
ax.grid(linestyle='dotted')

# title
ax.set_title('Osciallations',fontweight='bold')

# legend
ax.legend(facecolor='lightgrey',loc='upper right',title='Measurements')
Out[44]:
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x1383e16f0>

Global parameters rcParams¶

In [45]:
from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams
Out[45]:
RcParams({'_internal.classic_mode': False,
          'agg.path.chunksize': 0,
          'animation.bitrate': -1,
          'animation.codec': 'h264',
          'animation.convert_args': [],
          'animation.convert_path': 'convert',
          'animation.embed_limit': 20.0,
          'animation.ffmpeg_args': [],
          'animation.ffmpeg_path': 'ffmpeg',
          'animation.frame_format': 'png',
          'animation.html': 'none',
          'animation.writer': 'ffmpeg',
          'axes.autolimit_mode': 'data',
          'axes.axisbelow': 'line',
          'axes.edgecolor': 'black',
          'axes.facecolor': 'white',
          'axes.formatter.limits': [-5, 6],
          'axes.formatter.min_exponent': 0,
          'axes.formatter.offset_threshold': 4,
          'axes.formatter.use_locale': False,
          'axes.formatter.use_mathtext': False,
          'axes.formatter.useoffset': True,
          'axes.grid': False,
          'axes.grid.axis': 'both',
          'axes.grid.which': 'major',
          'axes.labelcolor': 'black',
          'axes.labelpad': 4.0,
          'axes.labelsize': 'medium',
          'axes.labelweight': 'normal',
          'axes.linewidth': 0.8,
          'axes.prop_cycle': cycler('color', ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd', '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf']),
          'axes.spines.bottom': True,
          'axes.spines.left': True,
          'axes.spines.right': True,
          'axes.spines.top': True,
          'axes.titlecolor': 'auto',
          'axes.titlelocation': 'center',
          'axes.titlepad': 6.0,
          'axes.titlesize': 'large',
          'axes.titleweight': 'normal',
          'axes.titley': None,
          'axes.unicode_minus': True,
          'axes.xmargin': 0.05,
          'axes.ymargin': 0.05,
          'axes.zmargin': 0.05,
          'axes3d.grid': True,
          'backend': 'module://matplotlib_inline.backend_inline',
          'backend_fallback': True,
          'boxplot.bootstrap': None,
          'boxplot.boxprops.color': 'black',
          'boxplot.boxprops.linestyle': '-',
          'boxplot.boxprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.capprops.color': 'black',
          'boxplot.capprops.linestyle': '-',
          'boxplot.capprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.flierprops.color': 'black',
          'boxplot.flierprops.linestyle': 'none',
          'boxplot.flierprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.flierprops.marker': 'o',
          'boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor': 'black',
          'boxplot.flierprops.markeredgewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor': 'none',
          'boxplot.flierprops.markersize': 6.0,
          'boxplot.meanline': False,
          'boxplot.meanprops.color': 'C2',
          'boxplot.meanprops.linestyle': '--',
          'boxplot.meanprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.meanprops.marker': '^',
          'boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor': 'C2',
          'boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor': 'C2',
          'boxplot.meanprops.markersize': 6.0,
          'boxplot.medianprops.color': 'C1',
          'boxplot.medianprops.linestyle': '-',
          'boxplot.medianprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.notch': False,
          'boxplot.patchartist': False,
          'boxplot.showbox': True,
          'boxplot.showcaps': True,
          'boxplot.showfliers': True,
          'boxplot.showmeans': False,
          'boxplot.vertical': True,
          'boxplot.whiskerprops.color': 'black',
          'boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle': '-',
          'boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth': 1.0,
          'boxplot.whiskers': 1.5,
          'contour.corner_mask': True,
          'contour.linewidth': None,
          'contour.negative_linestyle': 'dashed',
          'date.autoformatter.day': '%Y-%m-%d',
          'date.autoformatter.hour': '%m-%d %H',
          'date.autoformatter.microsecond': '%M:%S.%f',
          'date.autoformatter.minute': '%d %H:%M',
          'date.autoformatter.month': '%Y-%m',
          'date.autoformatter.second': '%H:%M:%S',
          'date.autoformatter.year': '%Y',
          'date.converter': 'auto',
          'date.epoch': '1970-01-01T00:00:00',
          'date.interval_multiples': True,
          'docstring.hardcopy': False,
          'errorbar.capsize': 0.0,
          'figure.autolayout': False,
          'figure.constrained_layout.h_pad': 0.04167,
          'figure.constrained_layout.hspace': 0.02,
          'figure.constrained_layout.use': False,
          'figure.constrained_layout.w_pad': 0.04167,
          'figure.constrained_layout.wspace': 0.02,
          'figure.dpi': 72.0,
          'figure.edgecolor': (1, 1, 1, 0),
          'figure.facecolor': (1, 1, 1, 0),
          'figure.figsize': [6.0, 4.0],
          'figure.frameon': True,
          'figure.max_open_warning': 20,
          'figure.raise_window': True,
          'figure.subplot.bottom': 0.125,
          'figure.subplot.hspace': 0.2,
          'figure.subplot.left': 0.125,
          'figure.subplot.right': 0.9,
          'figure.subplot.top': 0.88,
          'figure.subplot.wspace': 0.2,
          'figure.titlesize': 'large',
          'figure.titleweight': 'normal',
          'font.cursive': ['Apple Chancery',
                           'Textile',
                           'Zapf Chancery',
                           'Sand',
                           'Script MT',
                           'Felipa',
                           'Comic Neue',
                           'Comic Sans MS',
                           'cursive'],
          'font.family': ['sans-serif'],
          'font.fantasy': ['Chicago',
                           'Charcoal',
                           'Impact',
                           'Western',
                           'Humor Sans',
                           'xkcd',
                           'fantasy'],
          'font.monospace': ['DejaVu Sans Mono',
                             'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',
                             'Computer Modern Typewriter',
                             'Andale Mono',
                             'Nimbus Mono L',
                             'Courier New',
                             'Courier',
                             'Fixed',
                             'Terminal',
                             'monospace'],
          'font.sans-serif': ['DejaVu Sans',
                              'Bitstream Vera Sans',
                              'Computer Modern Sans Serif',
                              'Lucida Grande',
                              'Verdana',
                              'Geneva',
                              'Lucid',
                              'Arial',
                              'Helvetica',
                              'Avant Garde',
                              'sans-serif'],
          'font.serif': ['DejaVu Serif',
                         'Bitstream Vera Serif',
                         'Computer Modern Roman',
                         'New Century Schoolbook',
                         'Century Schoolbook L',
                         'Utopia',
                         'ITC Bookman',
                         'Bookman',
                         'Nimbus Roman No9 L',
                         'Times New Roman',
                         'Times',
                         'Palatino',
                         'Charter',
                         'serif'],
          'font.size': 10.0,
          'font.stretch': 'normal',
          'font.style': 'normal',
          'font.variant': 'normal',
          'font.weight': 'normal',
          'grid.alpha': 1.0,
          'grid.color': '#b0b0b0',
          'grid.linestyle': '-',
          'grid.linewidth': 0.8,
          'hatch.color': 'black',
          'hatch.linewidth': 1.0,
          'hist.bins': 10,
          'image.aspect': 'equal',
          'image.cmap': 'viridis',
          'image.composite_image': True,
          'image.interpolation': 'antialiased',
          'image.lut': 256,
          'image.origin': 'upper',
          'image.resample': True,
          'interactive': True,
          'keymap.back': ['left', 'c', 'backspace', 'MouseButton.BACK'],
          'keymap.copy': ['ctrl+c', 'cmd+c'],
          'keymap.forward': ['right', 'v', 'MouseButton.FORWARD'],
          'keymap.fullscreen': ['f', 'ctrl+f'],
          'keymap.grid': ['g'],
          'keymap.grid_minor': ['G'],
          'keymap.help': ['f1'],
          'keymap.home': ['h', 'r', 'home'],
          'keymap.pan': ['p'],
          'keymap.quit': ['ctrl+w', 'cmd+w', 'q'],
          'keymap.quit_all': [],
          'keymap.save': ['s', 'ctrl+s'],
          'keymap.xscale': ['k', 'L'],
          'keymap.yscale': ['l'],
          'keymap.zoom': ['o'],
          'legend.borderaxespad': 0.5,
          'legend.borderpad': 0.4,
          'legend.columnspacing': 2.0,
          'legend.edgecolor': '0.8',
          'legend.facecolor': 'inherit',
          'legend.fancybox': True,
          'legend.fontsize': 'medium',
          'legend.framealpha': 0.8,
          'legend.frameon': True,
          'legend.handleheight': 0.7,
          'legend.handlelength': 2.0,
          'legend.handletextpad': 0.8,
          'legend.labelcolor': 'None',
          'legend.labelspacing': 0.5,
          'legend.loc': 'best',
          'legend.markerscale': 1.0,
          'legend.numpoints': 1,
          'legend.scatterpoints': 1,
          'legend.shadow': False,
          'legend.title_fontsize': None,
          'lines.antialiased': True,
          'lines.color': 'C0',
          'lines.dash_capstyle': <CapStyle.butt: 'butt'>,
          'lines.dash_joinstyle': <JoinStyle.round: 'round'>,
          'lines.dashdot_pattern': [6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6],
          'lines.dashed_pattern': [3.7, 1.6],
          'lines.dotted_pattern': [1.0, 1.65],
          'lines.linestyle': '-',
          'lines.linewidth': 1.5,
          'lines.marker': 'None',
          'lines.markeredgecolor': 'auto',
          'lines.markeredgewidth': 1.0,
          'lines.markerfacecolor': 'auto',
          'lines.markersize': 6.0,
          'lines.scale_dashes': True,
          'lines.solid_capstyle': <CapStyle.projecting: 'projecting'>,
          'lines.solid_joinstyle': <JoinStyle.round: 'round'>,
          'markers.fillstyle': 'full',
          'mathtext.bf': 'sans:bold',
          'mathtext.cal': 'cursive',
          'mathtext.default': 'it',
          'mathtext.fallback': 'cm',
          'mathtext.fontset': 'dejavusans',
          'mathtext.it': 'sans:italic',
          'mathtext.rm': 'sans',
          'mathtext.sf': 'sans',
          'mathtext.tt': 'monospace',
          'patch.antialiased': True,
          'patch.edgecolor': 'black',
          'patch.facecolor': 'C0',
          'patch.force_edgecolor': False,
          'patch.linewidth': 1.0,
          'path.effects': [],
          'path.simplify': True,
          'path.simplify_threshold': 0.111111111111,
          'path.sketch': None,
          'path.snap': True,
          'pcolor.shading': 'auto',
          'pcolormesh.snap': True,
          'pdf.compression': 6,
          'pdf.fonttype': 3,
          'pdf.inheritcolor': False,
          'pdf.use14corefonts': False,
          'pgf.preamble': '',
          'pgf.rcfonts': True,
          'pgf.texsystem': 'xelatex',
          'polaraxes.grid': True,
          'ps.distiller.res': 6000,
          'ps.fonttype': 3,
          'ps.papersize': 'letter',
          'ps.useafm': False,
          'ps.usedistiller': None,
          'savefig.bbox': None,
          'savefig.directory': '~',
          'savefig.dpi': 'figure',
          'savefig.edgecolor': 'auto',
          'savefig.facecolor': 'auto',
          'savefig.format': 'png',
          'savefig.orientation': 'portrait',
          'savefig.pad_inches': 0.1,
          'savefig.transparent': False,
          'scatter.edgecolors': 'face',
          'scatter.marker': 'o',
          'svg.fonttype': 'path',
          'svg.hashsalt': None,
          'svg.image_inline': True,
          'text.antialiased': True,
          'text.color': 'black',
          'text.hinting': 'force_autohint',
          'text.hinting_factor': 8,
          'text.kerning_factor': 0,
          'text.latex.preamble': '',
          'text.usetex': False,
          'timezone': 'UTC',
          'tk.window_focus': False,
          'toolbar': 'toolbar2',
          'webagg.address': '127.0.0.1',
          'webagg.open_in_browser': True,
          'webagg.port': 8988,
          'webagg.port_retries': 50,
          'xaxis.labellocation': 'center',
          'xtick.alignment': 'center',
          'xtick.bottom': True,
          'xtick.color': 'black',
          'xtick.direction': 'out',
          'xtick.labelbottom': True,
          'xtick.labelcolor': 'inherit',
          'xtick.labelsize': 'medium',
          'xtick.labeltop': False,
          'xtick.major.bottom': True,
          'xtick.major.pad': 3.5,
          'xtick.major.size': 3.5,
          'xtick.major.top': True,
          'xtick.major.width': 0.8,
          'xtick.minor.bottom': True,
          'xtick.minor.pad': 3.4,
          'xtick.minor.size': 2.0,
          'xtick.minor.top': True,
          'xtick.minor.visible': False,
          'xtick.minor.width': 0.6,
          'xtick.top': False,
          'yaxis.labellocation': 'center',
          'ytick.alignment': 'center_baseline',
          'ytick.color': 'black',
          'ytick.direction': 'out',
          'ytick.labelcolor': 'inherit',
          'ytick.labelleft': True,
          'ytick.labelright': False,
          'ytick.labelsize': 'medium',
          'ytick.left': True,
          'ytick.major.left': True,
          'ytick.major.pad': 3.5,
          'ytick.major.right': True,
          'ytick.major.size': 3.5,
          'ytick.major.width': 0.8,
          'ytick.minor.left': True,
          'ytick.minor.pad': 3.4,
          'ytick.minor.right': True,
          'ytick.minor.size': 2.0,
          'ytick.minor.visible': False,
          'ytick.minor.width': 0.6,
          'ytick.right': False})
In [46]:
rcParams['axes.spines.right'] = False
rcParams['axes.spines.top'] = False
In [47]:
plt.rc('font',size=20,family='monospace')
In [48]:
fig = plt.figure('my monospace figure',(4,4))
ax = fig.subplots()

Style files¶

In [49]:
plt.style.available
Out[49]:
['Solarize_Light2',
 '_classic_test_patch',
 '_mpl-gallery',
 '_mpl-gallery-nogrid',
 'bmh',
 'classic',
 'dark_background',
 'fast',
 'fivethirtyeight',
 'ggplot',
 'grayscale',
 'seaborn',
 'seaborn-bright',
 'seaborn-colorblind',
 'seaborn-dark',
 'seaborn-dark-palette',
 'seaborn-darkgrid',
 'seaborn-deep',
 'seaborn-muted',
 'seaborn-notebook',
 'seaborn-paper',
 'seaborn-pastel',
 'seaborn-poster',
 'seaborn-talk',
 'seaborn-ticks',
 'seaborn-white',
 'seaborn-whitegrid',
 'tableau-colorblind10']
In [51]:
plt.style.use('seaborn')
In [52]:
fig = plt.figure('my seaborn like plot',(4,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
In [54]:
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
y = x**2
In [55]:
with plt.style.context('matplotlib_LHCb.mplstyle'): # use here your stylesheet!
    fig = plt.figure('my stylish plot')
    ax = fig.subplots()
    ax.plot(x, y, label=r'$y$')
    ax.plot(x, y**0.5, label=r'$\sqrt{y}$')
    ax.plot(x, y**(1/3), label=r'$y^{1/3}$')
    ax.legend()
In [56]:
!cat matplotlib_LHCb.mplstyle

## LHCb-like style
# based on the works of Kevin Dungs, Tim Head, Thomas Schietinger,
#                       Andrew Powell, Chris Parkes and Niels Tuning
#
# Modified by: Elena Graverini <elena.graverini@cern.ch>
# Date:        2017-03-31
#
# Created by:  Kevin Dungs <kevin.dungs@cern.ch>
# Date:        2014-02-19
#
# The following lines should be used in your python script:
#   plt.xlabel(..., ha='center', y=1)
#   plt.ylabel(..., ha='right', x=1, y=1)
#   plt.legend(loc='best')
#   plt.minorticks_on()
#
# In order to add a proper "LHCb Simulation" text box, use:
#   plt.text(x_BRNDC, y_BRNDC, 'LHCb Simulation', {'size': 28}, transform=ax.transAxes)

# Plot properties
axes.labelsize: 32
axes.linewidth: 2
axes.facecolor: white
# Custom colors
axes.prop_cycle: cycler('color', ['0078FF', 'FF6600', '0AAFB6', 'FF3333', '0000FF', '00CC00', 'BF8040', 'FF33CC', 'FF7733', 'BFD1D4'])

# Figure properties
figure.figsize: 12, 9
figure.dpi:     100
# Outer frame color
figure.facecolor: white
figure.autolayout: True

# Set default font to Times New Roman
font.family: serif
font.serif:  Times New Roman
font.size:   14
font.weight: 400
# Use LaTeX rendering by default
# (overrides default font)
text.usetex: True
# Use the LaTeX version of Times New Roman
text.latex.preamble: \usepackage{mathptmx}

# Draw the legend on a solid background
legend.frameon:       True
legend.fancybox:      False
# Inherit the background color from the plot
legend.facecolor:     inherit
legend.numpoints:     1
legend.labelspacing:  0.2
legend.fontsize:      28
# Automatically choose the best location
legend.loc:           best
# Space between the handles and their labels
legend.handletextpad: 0.75
# Space between the borders of the plot and the legend
legend.borderaxespad: 1.0
legend.edgecolor: black

# Lines settings
lines.linewidth:       4
lines.markeredgewidth: 0
lines.markersize:      8

# Saved figure settings
savefig.bbox:       tight
savefig.pad_inches: 0.1
savefig.format:     pdf

# Ticks settings
xtick.major.size:  14
xtick.minor.size:  7
xtick.major.width: 2
xtick.minor.width: 2
xtick.major.pad:   10
xtick.minor.pad:   10
xtick.labelsize:   30
ytick.major.size:  14
ytick.minor.size:  7
ytick.major.width: 2
ytick.minor.width: 2
ytick.major.pad:   10
ytick.minor.pad:   10
ytick.labelsize:   30

# Legend frame border size
# WARNING: this affects every patch object
# (i.e. histograms and so on)
patch.linewidth: 2
In [57]:
fig = plt.figure('my stylish plot')
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y, label=r'$y$')
ax.plot(x, y**0.5, label=r'$\sqrt{y}$')
ax.plot(x, y**(1/3), label=r'$y^{1/3}$')
ax.legend()
Out[57]:
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x13b8b48e0>
In [58]:
plt.style.use('default')
In [59]:
with plt.style.context('matplotlib_LHCb.mplstyle'): # use here your stylesheet!
    fig = plt.figure('my stylish plot')
    ax = fig.subplots()
    ax.plot(x, y, label=r'$y$')
    ax.plot(x, y**0.5, label=r'$\sqrt{y}$')
    ax.plot(x, y**(1/3), label=r'$y^{1/3}$')
    ax.legend()

Colors¶

In [60]:
from matplotlib import colors as mcl
In [61]:
mcl.get_named_colors_mapping()
Out[61]:
{'xkcd:cloudy blue': '#acc2d9',
 'xkcd:dark pastel green': '#56ae57',
 'xkcd:dust': '#b2996e',
 'xkcd:electric lime': '#a8ff04',
 'xkcd:fresh green': '#69d84f',
 'xkcd:light eggplant': '#894585',
 'xkcd:nasty green': '#70b23f',
 'xkcd:really light blue': '#d4ffff',
 'xkcd:tea': '#65ab7c',
 'xkcd:warm purple': '#952e8f',
 'xkcd:yellowish tan': '#fcfc81',
 'xkcd:cement': '#a5a391',
 'xkcd:dark grass green': '#388004',
 'xkcd:dusty teal': '#4c9085',
 'xkcd:grey teal': '#5e9b8a',
 'xkcd:macaroni and cheese': '#efb435',
 'xkcd:pinkish tan': '#d99b82',
 'xkcd:spruce': '#0a5f38',
 'xkcd:strong blue': '#0c06f7',
 'xkcd:toxic green': '#61de2a',
 'xkcd:windows blue': '#3778bf',
 'xkcd:blue blue': '#2242c7',
 'xkcd:blue with a hint of purple': '#533cc6',
 'xkcd:booger': '#9bb53c',
 'xkcd:bright sea green': '#05ffa6',
 'xkcd:dark green blue': '#1f6357',
 'xkcd:deep turquoise': '#017374',
 'xkcd:green teal': '#0cb577',
 'xkcd:strong pink': '#ff0789',
 'xkcd:bland': '#afa88b',
 'xkcd:deep aqua': '#08787f',
 'xkcd:lavender pink': '#dd85d7',
 'xkcd:light moss green': '#a6c875',
 'xkcd:light seafoam green': '#a7ffb5',
 'xkcd:olive yellow': '#c2b709',
 'xkcd:pig pink': '#e78ea5',
 'xkcd:deep lilac': '#966ebd',
 'xkcd:desert': '#ccad60',
 'xkcd:dusty lavender': '#ac86a8',
 'xkcd:purpley grey': '#947e94',
 'xkcd:purply': '#983fb2',
 'xkcd:candy pink': '#ff63e9',
 'xkcd:light pastel green': '#b2fba5',
 'xkcd:boring green': '#63b365',
 'xkcd:kiwi green': '#8ee53f',
 'xkcd:light grey green': '#b7e1a1',
 'xkcd:orange pink': '#ff6f52',
 'xkcd:tea green': '#bdf8a3',
 'xkcd:very light brown': '#d3b683',
 'xkcd:egg shell': '#fffcc4',
 'xkcd:eggplant purple': '#430541',
 'xkcd:powder pink': '#ffb2d0',
 'xkcd:reddish grey': '#997570',
 'xkcd:baby shit brown': '#ad900d',
 'xkcd:liliac': '#c48efd',
 'xkcd:stormy blue': '#507b9c',
 'xkcd:ugly brown': '#7d7103',
 'xkcd:custard': '#fffd78',
 'xkcd:darkish pink': '#da467d',
 'xkcd:deep brown': '#410200',
 'xkcd:greenish beige': '#c9d179',
 'xkcd:manilla': '#fffa86',
 'xkcd:off blue': '#5684ae',
 'xkcd:battleship grey': '#6b7c85',
 'xkcd:browny green': '#6f6c0a',
 'xkcd:bruise': '#7e4071',
 'xkcd:kelley green': '#009337',
 'xkcd:sickly yellow': '#d0e429',
 'xkcd:sunny yellow': '#fff917',
 'xkcd:azul': '#1d5dec',
 'xkcd:darkgreen': '#054907',
 'xkcd:green/yellow': '#b5ce08',
 'xkcd:lichen': '#8fb67b',
 'xkcd:light light green': '#c8ffb0',
 'xkcd:pale gold': '#fdde6c',
 'xkcd:sun yellow': '#ffdf22',
 'xkcd:tan green': '#a9be70',
 'xkcd:burple': '#6832e3',
 'xkcd:butterscotch': '#fdb147',
 'xkcd:toupe': '#c7ac7d',
 'xkcd:dark cream': '#fff39a',
 'xkcd:indian red': '#850e04',
 'xkcd:light lavendar': '#efc0fe',
 'xkcd:poison green': '#40fd14',
 'xkcd:baby puke green': '#b6c406',
 'xkcd:bright yellow green': '#9dff00',
 'xkcd:charcoal grey': '#3c4142',
 'xkcd:squash': '#f2ab15',
 'xkcd:cinnamon': '#ac4f06',
 'xkcd:light pea green': '#c4fe82',
 'xkcd:radioactive green': '#2cfa1f',
 'xkcd:raw sienna': '#9a6200',
 'xkcd:baby purple': '#ca9bf7',
 'xkcd:cocoa': '#875f42',
 'xkcd:light royal blue': '#3a2efe',
 'xkcd:orangeish': '#fd8d49',
 'xkcd:rust brown': '#8b3103',
 'xkcd:sand brown': '#cba560',
 'xkcd:swamp': '#698339',
 'xkcd:tealish green': '#0cdc73',
 'xkcd:burnt siena': '#b75203',
 'xkcd:camo': '#7f8f4e',
 'xkcd:dusk blue': '#26538d',
 'xkcd:fern': '#63a950',
 'xkcd:old rose': '#c87f89',
 'xkcd:pale light green': '#b1fc99',
 'xkcd:peachy pink': '#ff9a8a',
 'xkcd:rosy pink': '#f6688e',
 'xkcd:light bluish green': '#76fda8',
 'xkcd:light bright green': '#53fe5c',
 'xkcd:light neon green': '#4efd54',
 'xkcd:light seafoam': '#a0febf',
 'xkcd:tiffany blue': '#7bf2da',
 'xkcd:washed out green': '#bcf5a6',
 'xkcd:browny orange': '#ca6b02',
 'xkcd:nice blue': '#107ab0',
 'xkcd:sapphire': '#2138ab',
 'xkcd:greyish teal': '#719f91',
 'xkcd:orangey yellow': '#fdb915',
 'xkcd:parchment': '#fefcaf',
 'xkcd:straw': '#fcf679',
 'xkcd:very dark brown': '#1d0200',
 'xkcd:terracota': '#cb6843',
 'xkcd:ugly blue': '#31668a',
 'xkcd:clear blue': '#247afd',
 'xkcd:creme': '#ffffb6',
 'xkcd:foam green': '#90fda9',
 'xkcd:grey/green': '#86a17d',
 'xkcd:light gold': '#fddc5c',
 'xkcd:seafoam blue': '#78d1b6',
 'xkcd:topaz': '#13bbaf',
 'xkcd:violet pink': '#fb5ffc',
 'xkcd:wintergreen': '#20f986',
 'xkcd:yellow tan': '#ffe36e',
 'xkcd:dark fuchsia': '#9d0759',
 'xkcd:indigo blue': '#3a18b1',
 'xkcd:light yellowish green': '#c2ff89',
 'xkcd:pale magenta': '#d767ad',
 'xkcd:rich purple': '#720058',
 'xkcd:sunflower yellow': '#ffda03',
 'xkcd:green/blue': '#01c08d',
 'xkcd:leather': '#ac7434',
 'xkcd:racing green': '#014600',
 'xkcd:vivid purple': '#9900fa',
 'xkcd:dark royal blue': '#02066f',
 'xkcd:hazel': '#8e7618',
 'xkcd:muted pink': '#d1768f',
 'xkcd:booger green': '#96b403',
 'xkcd:canary': '#fdff63',
 'xkcd:cool grey': '#95a3a6',
 'xkcd:dark taupe': '#7f684e',
 'xkcd:darkish purple': '#751973',
 'xkcd:true green': '#089404',
 'xkcd:coral pink': '#ff6163',
 'xkcd:dark sage': '#598556',
 'xkcd:dark slate blue': '#214761',
 'xkcd:flat blue': '#3c73a8',
 'xkcd:mushroom': '#ba9e88',
 'xkcd:rich blue': '#021bf9',
 'xkcd:dirty purple': '#734a65',
 'xkcd:greenblue': '#23c48b',
 'xkcd:icky green': '#8fae22',
 'xkcd:light khaki': '#e6f2a2',
 'xkcd:warm blue': '#4b57db',
 'xkcd:dark hot pink': '#d90166',
 'xkcd:deep sea blue': '#015482',
 'xkcd:carmine': '#9d0216',
 'xkcd:dark yellow green': '#728f02',
 'xkcd:pale peach': '#ffe5ad',
 'xkcd:plum purple': '#4e0550',
 'xkcd:golden rod': '#f9bc08',
 'xkcd:neon red': '#ff073a',
 'xkcd:old pink': '#c77986',
 'xkcd:very pale blue': '#d6fffe',
 'xkcd:blood orange': '#fe4b03',
 'xkcd:grapefruit': '#fd5956',
 'xkcd:sand yellow': '#fce166',
 'xkcd:clay brown': '#b2713d',
 'xkcd:dark blue grey': '#1f3b4d',
 'xkcd:flat green': '#699d4c',
 'xkcd:light green blue': '#56fca2',
 'xkcd:warm pink': '#fb5581',
 'xkcd:dodger blue': '#3e82fc',
 'xkcd:gross green': '#a0bf16',
 'xkcd:ice': '#d6fffa',
 'xkcd:metallic blue': '#4f738e',
 'xkcd:pale salmon': '#ffb19a',
 'xkcd:sap green': '#5c8b15',
 'xkcd:algae': '#54ac68',
 'xkcd:bluey grey': '#89a0b0',
 'xkcd:greeny grey': '#7ea07a',
 'xkcd:highlighter green': '#1bfc06',
 'xkcd:light light blue': '#cafffb',
 'xkcd:light mint': '#b6ffbb',
 'xkcd:raw umber': '#a75e09',
 'xkcd:vivid blue': '#152eff',
 'xkcd:deep lavender': '#8d5eb7',
 'xkcd:dull teal': '#5f9e8f',
 'xkcd:light greenish blue': '#63f7b4',
 'xkcd:mud green': '#606602',
 'xkcd:pinky': '#fc86aa',
 'xkcd:red wine': '#8c0034',
 'xkcd:shit green': '#758000',
 'xkcd:tan brown': '#ab7e4c',
 'xkcd:darkblue': '#030764',
 'xkcd:rosa': '#fe86a4',
 'xkcd:lipstick': '#d5174e',
 'xkcd:pale mauve': '#fed0fc',
 'xkcd:claret': '#680018',
 'xkcd:dandelion': '#fedf08',
 'xkcd:orangered': '#fe420f',
 'xkcd:poop green': '#6f7c00',
 'xkcd:ruby': '#ca0147',
 'xkcd:dark': '#1b2431',
 'xkcd:greenish turquoise': '#00fbb0',
 'xkcd:pastel red': '#db5856',
 'xkcd:piss yellow': '#ddd618',
 'xkcd:bright cyan': '#41fdfe',
 'xkcd:dark coral': '#cf524e',
 'xkcd:algae green': '#21c36f',
 'xkcd:darkish red': '#a90308',
 'xkcd:reddy brown': '#6e1005',
 'xkcd:blush pink': '#fe828c',
 'xkcd:camouflage green': '#4b6113',
 'xkcd:lawn green': '#4da409',
 'xkcd:putty': '#beae8a',
 'xkcd:vibrant blue': '#0339f8',
 'xkcd:dark sand': '#a88f59',
 'xkcd:purple/blue': '#5d21d0',
 'xkcd:saffron': '#feb209',
 'xkcd:twilight': '#4e518b',
 'xkcd:warm brown': '#964e02',
 'xkcd:bluegrey': '#85a3b2',
 'xkcd:bubble gum pink': '#ff69af',
 'xkcd:duck egg blue': '#c3fbf4',
 'xkcd:greenish cyan': '#2afeb7',
 'xkcd:petrol': '#005f6a',
 'xkcd:royal': '#0c1793',
 'xkcd:butter': '#ffff81',
 'xkcd:dusty orange': '#f0833a',
 'xkcd:off yellow': '#f1f33f',
 'xkcd:pale olive green': '#b1d27b',
 'xkcd:orangish': '#fc824a',
 'xkcd:leaf': '#71aa34',
 'xkcd:light blue grey': '#b7c9e2',
 'xkcd:dried blood': '#4b0101',
 'xkcd:lightish purple': '#a552e6',
 'xkcd:rusty red': '#af2f0d',
 'xkcd:lavender blue': '#8b88f8',
 'xkcd:light grass green': '#9af764',
 'xkcd:light mint green': '#a6fbb2',
 'xkcd:sunflower': '#ffc512',
 'xkcd:velvet': '#750851',
 'xkcd:brick orange': '#c14a09',
 'xkcd:lightish red': '#fe2f4a',
 'xkcd:pure blue': '#0203e2',
 'xkcd:twilight blue': '#0a437a',
 'xkcd:violet red': '#a50055',
 'xkcd:yellowy brown': '#ae8b0c',
 'xkcd:carnation': '#fd798f',
 'xkcd:muddy yellow': '#bfac05',
 'xkcd:dark seafoam green': '#3eaf76',
 'xkcd:deep rose': '#c74767',
 'xkcd:dusty red': '#b9484e',
 'xkcd:grey/blue': '#647d8e',
 'xkcd:lemon lime': '#bffe28',
 'xkcd:purple/pink': '#d725de',
 'xkcd:brown yellow': '#b29705',
 'xkcd:purple brown': '#673a3f',
 'xkcd:wisteria': '#a87dc2',
 'xkcd:banana yellow': '#fafe4b',
 'xkcd:lipstick red': '#c0022f',
 'xkcd:water blue': '#0e87cc',
 'xkcd:brown grey': '#8d8468',
 'xkcd:vibrant purple': '#ad03de',
 'xkcd:baby green': '#8cff9e',
 'xkcd:barf green': '#94ac02',
 'xkcd:eggshell blue': '#c4fff7',
 'xkcd:sandy yellow': '#fdee73',
 'xkcd:cool green': '#33b864',
 'xkcd:pale': '#fff9d0',
 'xkcd:blue/grey': '#758da3',
 'xkcd:hot magenta': '#f504c9',
 'xkcd:greyblue': '#77a1b5',
 'xkcd:purpley': '#8756e4',
 'xkcd:baby shit green': '#889717',
 'xkcd:brownish pink': '#c27e79',
 'xkcd:dark aquamarine': '#017371',
 'xkcd:diarrhea': '#9f8303',
 'xkcd:light mustard': '#f7d560',
 'xkcd:pale sky blue': '#bdf6fe',
 'xkcd:turtle green': '#75b84f',
 'xkcd:bright olive': '#9cbb04',
 'xkcd:dark grey blue': '#29465b',
 'xkcd:greeny brown': '#696006',
 'xkcd:lemon green': '#adf802',
 'xkcd:light periwinkle': '#c1c6fc',
 'xkcd:seaweed green': '#35ad6b',
 'xkcd:sunshine yellow': '#fffd37',
 'xkcd:ugly purple': '#a442a0',
 'xkcd:medium pink': '#f36196',
 'xkcd:puke brown': '#947706',
 'xkcd:very light pink': '#fff4f2',
 'xkcd:viridian': '#1e9167',
 'xkcd:bile': '#b5c306',
 'xkcd:faded yellow': '#feff7f',
 'xkcd:very pale green': '#cffdbc',
 'xkcd:vibrant green': '#0add08',
 'xkcd:bright lime': '#87fd05',
 'xkcd:spearmint': '#1ef876',
 'xkcd:light aquamarine': '#7bfdc7',
 'xkcd:light sage': '#bcecac',
 'xkcd:yellowgreen': '#bbf90f',
 'xkcd:baby poo': '#ab9004',
 'xkcd:dark seafoam': '#1fb57a',
 'xkcd:deep teal': '#00555a',
 'xkcd:heather': '#a484ac',
 'xkcd:rust orange': '#c45508',
 'xkcd:dirty blue': '#3f829d',
 'xkcd:fern green': '#548d44',
 'xkcd:bright lilac': '#c95efb',
 'xkcd:weird green': '#3ae57f',
 'xkcd:peacock blue': '#016795',
 'xkcd:avocado green': '#87a922',
 'xkcd:faded orange': '#f0944d',
 'xkcd:grape purple': '#5d1451',
 'xkcd:hot green': '#25ff29',
 'xkcd:lime yellow': '#d0fe1d',
 'xkcd:mango': '#ffa62b',
 'xkcd:shamrock': '#01b44c',
 'xkcd:bubblegum': '#ff6cb5',
 'xkcd:purplish brown': '#6b4247',
 'xkcd:vomit yellow': '#c7c10c',
 'xkcd:pale cyan': '#b7fffa',
 'xkcd:key lime': '#aeff6e',
 'xkcd:tomato red': '#ec2d01',
 'xkcd:lightgreen': '#76ff7b',
 'xkcd:merlot': '#730039',
 'xkcd:night blue': '#040348',
 'xkcd:purpleish pink': '#df4ec8',
 'xkcd:apple': '#6ecb3c',
 'xkcd:baby poop green': '#8f9805',
 'xkcd:green apple': '#5edc1f',
 'xkcd:heliotrope': '#d94ff5',
 'xkcd:yellow/green': '#c8fd3d',
 'xkcd:almost black': '#070d0d',
 'xkcd:cool blue': '#4984b8',
 'xkcd:leafy green': '#51b73b',
 'xkcd:mustard brown': '#ac7e04',
 'xkcd:dusk': '#4e5481',
 'xkcd:dull brown': '#876e4b',
 'xkcd:frog green': '#58bc08',
 'xkcd:vivid green': '#2fef10',
 'xkcd:bright light green': '#2dfe54',
 'xkcd:fluro green': '#0aff02',
 'xkcd:kiwi': '#9cef43',
 'xkcd:seaweed': '#18d17b',
 'xkcd:navy green': '#35530a',
 'xkcd:ultramarine blue': '#1805db',
 'xkcd:iris': '#6258c4',
 'xkcd:pastel orange': '#ff964f',
 'xkcd:yellowish orange': '#ffab0f',
 'xkcd:perrywinkle': '#8f8ce7',
 'xkcd:tealish': '#24bca8',
 'xkcd:dark plum': '#3f012c',
 'xkcd:pear': '#cbf85f',
 'xkcd:pinkish orange': '#ff724c',
 'xkcd:midnight purple': '#280137',
 'xkcd:light urple': '#b36ff6',
 'xkcd:dark mint': '#48c072',
 'xkcd:greenish tan': '#bccb7a',
 'xkcd:light burgundy': '#a8415b',
 'xkcd:turquoise blue': '#06b1c4',
 'xkcd:ugly pink': '#cd7584',
 'xkcd:sandy': '#f1da7a',
 'xkcd:electric pink': '#ff0490',
 'xkcd:muted purple': '#805b87',
 'xkcd:mid green': '#50a747',
 'xkcd:greyish': '#a8a495',
 'xkcd:neon yellow': '#cfff04',
 'xkcd:banana': '#ffff7e',
 'xkcd:carnation pink': '#ff7fa7',
 'xkcd:tomato': '#ef4026',
 'xkcd:sea': '#3c9992',
 'xkcd:muddy brown': '#886806',
 'xkcd:turquoise green': '#04f489',
 'xkcd:buff': '#fef69e',
 'xkcd:fawn': '#cfaf7b',
 'xkcd:muted blue': '#3b719f',
 'xkcd:pale rose': '#fdc1c5',
 'xkcd:dark mint green': '#20c073',
 'xkcd:amethyst': '#9b5fc0',
 'xkcd:blue/green': '#0f9b8e',
 'xkcd:chestnut': '#742802',
 'xkcd:sick green': '#9db92c',
 'xkcd:pea': '#a4bf20',
 'xkcd:rusty orange': '#cd5909',
 'xkcd:stone': '#ada587',
 'xkcd:rose red': '#be013c',
 'xkcd:pale aqua': '#b8ffeb',
 'xkcd:deep orange': '#dc4d01',
 'xkcd:earth': '#a2653e',
 'xkcd:mossy green': '#638b27',
 'xkcd:grassy green': '#419c03',
 'xkcd:pale lime green': '#b1ff65',
 'xkcd:light grey blue': '#9dbcd4',
 'xkcd:pale grey': '#fdfdfe',
 'xkcd:asparagus': '#77ab56',
 'xkcd:blueberry': '#464196',
 'xkcd:purple red': '#990147',
 'xkcd:pale lime': '#befd73',
 'xkcd:greenish teal': '#32bf84',
 'xkcd:caramel': '#af6f09',
 'xkcd:deep magenta': '#a0025c',
 'xkcd:light peach': '#ffd8b1',
 'xkcd:milk chocolate': '#7f4e1e',
 'xkcd:ocher': '#bf9b0c',
 'xkcd:off green': '#6ba353',
 'xkcd:purply pink': '#f075e6',
 'xkcd:lightblue': '#7bc8f6',
 'xkcd:dusky blue': '#475f94',
 'xkcd:golden': '#f5bf03',
 'xkcd:light beige': '#fffeb6',
 'xkcd:butter yellow': '#fffd74',
 'xkcd:dusky purple': '#895b7b',
 'xkcd:french blue': '#436bad',
 'xkcd:ugly yellow': '#d0c101',
 'xkcd:greeny yellow': '#c6f808',
 'xkcd:orangish red': '#f43605',
 'xkcd:shamrock green': '#02c14d',
 'xkcd:orangish brown': '#b25f03',
 'xkcd:tree green': '#2a7e19',
 'xkcd:deep violet': '#490648',
 'xkcd:gunmetal': '#536267',
 'xkcd:blue/purple': '#5a06ef',
 'xkcd:cherry': '#cf0234',
 'xkcd:sandy brown': '#c4a661',
 'xkcd:warm grey': '#978a84',
 'xkcd:dark indigo': '#1f0954',
 'xkcd:midnight': '#03012d',
 'xkcd:bluey green': '#2bb179',
 'xkcd:grey pink': '#c3909b',
 'xkcd:soft purple': '#a66fb5',
 'xkcd:blood': '#770001',
 'xkcd:brown red': '#922b05',
 'xkcd:medium grey': '#7d7f7c',
 'xkcd:berry': '#990f4b',
 'xkcd:poo': '#8f7303',
 'xkcd:purpley pink': '#c83cb9',
 'xkcd:light salmon': '#fea993',
 'xkcd:snot': '#acbb0d',
 'xkcd:easter purple': '#c071fe',
 'xkcd:light yellow green': '#ccfd7f',
 'xkcd:dark navy blue': '#00022e',
 'xkcd:drab': '#828344',
 'xkcd:light rose': '#ffc5cb',
 'xkcd:rouge': '#ab1239',
 'xkcd:purplish red': '#b0054b',
 'xkcd:slime green': '#99cc04',
 'xkcd:baby poop': '#937c00',
 'xkcd:irish green': '#019529',
 'xkcd:pink/purple': '#ef1de7',
 'xkcd:dark navy': '#000435',
 'xkcd:greeny blue': '#42b395',
 'xkcd:light plum': '#9d5783',
 'xkcd:pinkish grey': '#c8aca9',
 'xkcd:dirty orange': '#c87606',
 'xkcd:rust red': '#aa2704',
 'xkcd:pale lilac': '#e4cbff',
 'xkcd:orangey red': '#fa4224',
 'xkcd:primary blue': '#0804f9',
 'xkcd:kermit green': '#5cb200',
 'xkcd:brownish purple': '#76424e',
 'xkcd:murky green': '#6c7a0e',
 'xkcd:wheat': '#fbdd7e',
 'xkcd:very dark purple': '#2a0134',
 'xkcd:bottle green': '#044a05',
 'xkcd:watermelon': '#fd4659',
 'xkcd:deep sky blue': '#0d75f8',
 'xkcd:fire engine red': '#fe0002',
 'xkcd:yellow ochre': '#cb9d06',
 'xkcd:pumpkin orange': '#fb7d07',
 'xkcd:pale olive': '#b9cc81',
 'xkcd:light lilac': '#edc8ff',
 'xkcd:lightish green': '#61e160',
 'xkcd:carolina blue': '#8ab8fe',
 'xkcd:mulberry': '#920a4e',
 'xkcd:shocking pink': '#fe02a2',
 'xkcd:auburn': '#9a3001',
 'xkcd:bright lime green': '#65fe08',
 'xkcd:celadon': '#befdb7',
 'xkcd:pinkish brown': '#b17261',
 'xkcd:poo brown': '#885f01',
 'xkcd:bright sky blue': '#02ccfe',
 'xkcd:celery': '#c1fd95',
 'xkcd:dirt brown': '#836539',
 'xkcd:strawberry': '#fb2943',
 'xkcd:dark lime': '#84b701',
 'xkcd:copper': '#b66325',
 'xkcd:medium brown': '#7f5112',
 'xkcd:muted green': '#5fa052',
 "xkcd:robin's egg": '#6dedfd',
 'xkcd:bright aqua': '#0bf9ea',
 'xkcd:bright lavender': '#c760ff',
 'xkcd:ivory': '#ffffcb',
 'xkcd:very light purple': '#f6cefc',
 'xkcd:light navy': '#155084',
 'xkcd:pink red': '#f5054f',
 'xkcd:olive brown': '#645403',
 'xkcd:poop brown': '#7a5901',
 'xkcd:mustard green': '#a8b504',
 'xkcd:ocean green': '#3d9973',
 'xkcd:very dark blue': '#000133',
 'xkcd:dusty green': '#76a973',
 'xkcd:light navy blue': '#2e5a88',
 'xkcd:minty green': '#0bf77d',
 'xkcd:adobe': '#bd6c48',
 'xkcd:barney': '#ac1db8',
 'xkcd:jade green': '#2baf6a',
 'xkcd:bright light blue': '#26f7fd',
 'xkcd:light lime': '#aefd6c',
 'xkcd:dark khaki': '#9b8f55',
 'xkcd:orange yellow': '#ffad01',
 'xkcd:ocre': '#c69c04',
 'xkcd:maize': '#f4d054',
 'xkcd:faded pink': '#de9dac',
 'xkcd:british racing green': '#05480d',
 'xkcd:sandstone': '#c9ae74',
 'xkcd:mud brown': '#60460f',
 'xkcd:light sea green': '#98f6b0',
 'xkcd:robin egg blue': '#8af1fe',
 'xkcd:aqua marine': '#2ee8bb',
 'xkcd:dark sea green': '#11875d',
 'xkcd:soft pink': '#fdb0c0',
 'xkcd:orangey brown': '#b16002',
 'xkcd:cherry red': '#f7022a',
 'xkcd:burnt yellow': '#d5ab09',
 'xkcd:brownish grey': '#86775f',
 'xkcd:camel': '#c69f59',
 'xkcd:purplish grey': '#7a687f',
 'xkcd:marine': '#042e60',
 'xkcd:greyish pink': '#c88d94',
 'xkcd:pale turquoise': '#a5fbd5',
 'xkcd:pastel yellow': '#fffe71',
 'xkcd:bluey purple': '#6241c7',
 'xkcd:canary yellow': '#fffe40',
 'xkcd:faded red': '#d3494e',
 'xkcd:sepia': '#985e2b',
 'xkcd:coffee': '#a6814c',
 'xkcd:bright magenta': '#ff08e8',
 'xkcd:mocha': '#9d7651',
 'xkcd:ecru': '#feffca',
 'xkcd:purpleish': '#98568d',
 'xkcd:cranberry': '#9e003a',
 'xkcd:darkish green': '#287c37',
 'xkcd:brown orange': '#b96902',
 'xkcd:dusky rose': '#ba6873',
 'xkcd:melon': '#ff7855',
 'xkcd:sickly green': '#94b21c',
 'xkcd:silver': '#c5c9c7',
 'xkcd:purply blue': '#661aee',
 'xkcd:purpleish blue': '#6140ef',
 'xkcd:hospital green': '#9be5aa',
 'xkcd:shit brown': '#7b5804',
 'xkcd:mid blue': '#276ab3',
 'xkcd:amber': '#feb308',
 'xkcd:easter green': '#8cfd7e',
 'xkcd:soft blue': '#6488ea',
 'xkcd:cerulean blue': '#056eee',
 'xkcd:golden brown': '#b27a01',
 'xkcd:bright turquoise': '#0ffef9',
 'xkcd:red pink': '#fa2a55',
 'xkcd:red purple': '#820747',
 'xkcd:greyish brown': '#7a6a4f',
 'xkcd:vermillion': '#f4320c',
 'xkcd:russet': '#a13905',
 'xkcd:steel grey': '#6f828a',
 'xkcd:lighter purple': '#a55af4',
 'xkcd:bright violet': '#ad0afd',
 'xkcd:prussian blue': '#004577',
 'xkcd:slate green': '#658d6d',
 'xkcd:dirty pink': '#ca7b80',
 'xkcd:dark blue green': '#005249',
 'xkcd:pine': '#2b5d34',
 'xkcd:yellowy green': '#bff128',
 'xkcd:dark gold': '#b59410',
 'xkcd:bluish': '#2976bb',
 'xkcd:darkish blue': '#014182',
 'xkcd:dull red': '#bb3f3f',
 'xkcd:pinky red': '#fc2647',
 'xkcd:bronze': '#a87900',
 'xkcd:pale teal': '#82cbb2',
 'xkcd:military green': '#667c3e',
 'xkcd:barbie pink': '#fe46a5',
 'xkcd:bubblegum pink': '#fe83cc',
 'xkcd:pea soup green': '#94a617',
 'xkcd:dark mustard': '#a88905',
 'xkcd:shit': '#7f5f00',
 'xkcd:medium purple': '#9e43a2',
 'xkcd:very dark green': '#062e03',
 'xkcd:dirt': '#8a6e45',
 'xkcd:dusky pink': '#cc7a8b',
 'xkcd:red violet': '#9e0168',
 'xkcd:lemon yellow': '#fdff38',
 'xkcd:pistachio': '#c0fa8b',
 'xkcd:dull yellow': '#eedc5b',
 'xkcd:dark lime green': '#7ebd01',
 'xkcd:denim blue': '#3b5b92',
 'xkcd:teal blue': '#01889f',
 'xkcd:lightish blue': '#3d7afd',
 'xkcd:purpley blue': '#5f34e7',
 'xkcd:light indigo': '#6d5acf',
 'xkcd:swamp green': '#748500',
 'xkcd:brown green': '#706c11',
 'xkcd:dark maroon': '#3c0008',
 'xkcd:hot purple': '#cb00f5',
 'xkcd:dark forest green': '#002d04',
 'xkcd:faded blue': '#658cbb',
 'xkcd:drab green': '#749551',
 'xkcd:light lime green': '#b9ff66',
 'xkcd:snot green': '#9dc100',
 'xkcd:yellowish': '#faee66',
 'xkcd:light blue green': '#7efbb3',
 'xkcd:bordeaux': '#7b002c',
 'xkcd:light mauve': '#c292a1',
 'xkcd:ocean': '#017b92',
 'xkcd:marigold': '#fcc006',
 'xkcd:muddy green': '#657432',
 'xkcd:dull orange': '#d8863b',
 'xkcd:steel': '#738595',
 'xkcd:electric purple': '#aa23ff',
 'xkcd:fluorescent green': '#08ff08',
 'xkcd:yellowish brown': '#9b7a01',
 'xkcd:blush': '#f29e8e',
 'xkcd:soft green': '#6fc276',
 'xkcd:bright orange': '#ff5b00',
 'xkcd:lemon': '#fdff52',
 'xkcd:purple grey': '#866f85',
 'xkcd:acid green': '#8ffe09',
 'xkcd:pale lavender': '#eecffe',
 'xkcd:violet blue': '#510ac9',
 'xkcd:light forest green': '#4f9153',
 'xkcd:burnt red': '#9f2305',
 'xkcd:khaki green': '#728639',
 'xkcd:cerise': '#de0c62',
 'xkcd:faded purple': '#916e99',
 'xkcd:apricot': '#ffb16d',
 'xkcd:dark olive green': '#3c4d03',
 'xkcd:grey brown': '#7f7053',
 'xkcd:green grey': '#77926f',
 'xkcd:true blue': '#010fcc',
 'xkcd:pale violet': '#ceaefa',
 'xkcd:periwinkle blue': '#8f99fb',
 'xkcd:light sky blue': '#c6fcff',
 'xkcd:blurple': '#5539cc',
 'xkcd:green brown': '#544e03',
 'xkcd:bluegreen': '#017a79',
 'xkcd:bright teal': '#01f9c6',
 'xkcd:brownish yellow': '#c9b003',
 'xkcd:pea soup': '#929901',
 'xkcd:forest': '#0b5509',
 'xkcd:barney purple': '#a00498',
 'xkcd:ultramarine': '#2000b1',
 'xkcd:purplish': '#94568c',
 'xkcd:puke yellow': '#c2be0e',
 'xkcd:bluish grey': '#748b97',
 'xkcd:dark periwinkle': '#665fd1',
 'xkcd:dark lilac': '#9c6da5',
 'xkcd:reddish': '#c44240',
 'xkcd:light maroon': '#a24857',
 'xkcd:dusty purple': '#825f87',
 'xkcd:terra cotta': '#c9643b',
 'xkcd:avocado': '#90b134',
 'xkcd:marine blue': '#01386a',
 'xkcd:teal green': '#25a36f',
 'xkcd:slate grey': '#59656d',
 'xkcd:lighter green': '#75fd63',
 'xkcd:electric green': '#21fc0d',
 'xkcd:dusty blue': '#5a86ad',
 'xkcd:golden yellow': '#fec615',
 'xkcd:bright yellow': '#fffd01',
 'xkcd:light lavender': '#dfc5fe',
 'xkcd:umber': '#b26400',
 'xkcd:poop': '#7f5e00',
 'xkcd:dark peach': '#de7e5d',
 'xkcd:jungle green': '#048243',
 'xkcd:eggshell': '#ffffd4',
 'xkcd:denim': '#3b638c',
 'xkcd:yellow brown': '#b79400',
 'xkcd:dull purple': '#84597e',
 'xkcd:chocolate brown': '#411900',
 'xkcd:wine red': '#7b0323',
 'xkcd:neon blue': '#04d9ff',
 'xkcd:dirty green': '#667e2c',
 'xkcd:light tan': '#fbeeac',
 'xkcd:ice blue': '#d7fffe',
 'xkcd:cadet blue': '#4e7496',
 'xkcd:dark mauve': '#874c62',
 'xkcd:very light blue': '#d5ffff',
 'xkcd:grey purple': '#826d8c',
 'xkcd:pastel pink': '#ffbacd',
 'xkcd:very light green': '#d1ffbd',
 'xkcd:dark sky blue': '#448ee4',
 'xkcd:evergreen': '#05472a',
 'xkcd:dull pink': '#d5869d',
 'xkcd:aubergine': '#3d0734',
 'xkcd:mahogany': '#4a0100',
 'xkcd:reddish orange': '#f8481c',
 'xkcd:deep green': '#02590f',
 'xkcd:vomit green': '#89a203',
 'xkcd:purple pink': '#e03fd8',
 'xkcd:dusty pink': '#d58a94',
 'xkcd:faded green': '#7bb274',
 'xkcd:camo green': '#526525',
 'xkcd:pinky purple': '#c94cbe',
 'xkcd:pink purple': '#db4bda',
 'xkcd:brownish red': '#9e3623',
 'xkcd:dark rose': '#b5485d',
 'xkcd:mud': '#735c12',
 'xkcd:brownish': '#9c6d57',
 'xkcd:emerald green': '#028f1e',
 'xkcd:pale brown': '#b1916e',
 'xkcd:dull blue': '#49759c',
 'xkcd:burnt umber': '#a0450e',
 'xkcd:medium green': '#39ad48',
 'xkcd:clay': '#b66a50',
 'xkcd:light aqua': '#8cffdb',
 'xkcd:light olive green': '#a4be5c',
 'xkcd:brownish orange': '#cb7723',
 'xkcd:dark aqua': '#05696b',
 'xkcd:purplish pink': '#ce5dae',
 'xkcd:dark salmon': '#c85a53',
 'xkcd:greenish grey': '#96ae8d',
 'xkcd:jade': '#1fa774',
 'xkcd:ugly green': '#7a9703',
 'xkcd:dark beige': '#ac9362',
 'xkcd:emerald': '#01a049',
 'xkcd:pale red': '#d9544d',
 'xkcd:light magenta': '#fa5ff7',
 'xkcd:sky': '#82cafc',
 'xkcd:light cyan': '#acfffc',
 'xkcd:yellow orange': '#fcb001',
 'xkcd:reddish purple': '#910951',
 'xkcd:reddish pink': '#fe2c54',
 'xkcd:orchid': '#c875c4',
 'xkcd:dirty yellow': '#cdc50a',
 'xkcd:orange red': '#fd411e',
 'xkcd:deep red': '#9a0200',
 'xkcd:orange brown': '#be6400',
 'xkcd:cobalt blue': '#030aa7',
 'xkcd:neon pink': '#fe019a',
 'xkcd:rose pink': '#f7879a',
 'xkcd:greyish purple': '#887191',
 'xkcd:raspberry': '#b00149',
 'xkcd:aqua green': '#12e193',
 'xkcd:salmon pink': '#fe7b7c',
 'xkcd:tangerine': '#ff9408',
 'xkcd:brownish green': '#6a6e09',
 'xkcd:red brown': '#8b2e16',
 'xkcd:greenish brown': '#696112',
 'xkcd:pumpkin': '#e17701',
 'xkcd:pine green': '#0a481e',
 'xkcd:charcoal': '#343837',
 'xkcd:baby pink': '#ffb7ce',
 'xkcd:cornflower': '#6a79f7',
 'xkcd:blue violet': '#5d06e9',
 'xkcd:chocolate': '#3d1c02',
 'xkcd:greyish green': '#82a67d',
 'xkcd:scarlet': '#be0119',
 'xkcd:green yellow': '#c9ff27',
 'xkcd:dark olive': '#373e02',
 'xkcd:sienna': '#a9561e',
 'xkcd:pastel purple': '#caa0ff',
 'xkcd:terracotta': '#ca6641',
 'xkcd:aqua blue': '#02d8e9',
 'xkcd:sage green': '#88b378',
 'xkcd:blood red': '#980002',
 'xkcd:deep pink': '#cb0162',
 'xkcd:grass': '#5cac2d',
 'xkcd:moss': '#769958',
 'xkcd:pastel blue': '#a2bffe',
 'xkcd:bluish green': '#10a674',
 'xkcd:green blue': '#06b48b',
 'xkcd:dark tan': '#af884a',
 'xkcd:greenish blue': '#0b8b87',
 'xkcd:pale orange': '#ffa756',
 'xkcd:vomit': '#a2a415',
 'xkcd:forrest green': '#154406',
 'xkcd:dark lavender': '#856798',
 'xkcd:dark violet': '#34013f',
 'xkcd:purple blue': '#632de9',
 'xkcd:dark cyan': '#0a888a',
 'xkcd:olive drab': '#6f7632',
 'xkcd:pinkish': '#d46a7e',
 'xkcd:cobalt': '#1e488f',
 'xkcd:neon purple': '#bc13fe',
 'xkcd:light turquoise': '#7ef4cc',
 'xkcd:apple green': '#76cd26',
 'xkcd:dull green': '#74a662',
 'xkcd:wine': '#80013f',
 'xkcd:powder blue': '#b1d1fc',
 'xkcd:off white': '#ffffe4',
 'xkcd:electric blue': '#0652ff',
 'xkcd:dark turquoise': '#045c5a',
 'xkcd:blue purple': '#5729ce',
 'xkcd:azure': '#069af3',
 'xkcd:bright red': '#ff000d',
 'xkcd:pinkish red': '#f10c45',
 'xkcd:cornflower blue': '#5170d7',
 'xkcd:light olive': '#acbf69',
 'xkcd:grape': '#6c3461',
 'xkcd:greyish blue': '#5e819d',
 'xkcd:purplish blue': '#601ef9',
 'xkcd:yellowish green': '#b0dd16',
 'xkcd:greenish yellow': '#cdfd02',
 'xkcd:medium blue': '#2c6fbb',
 'xkcd:dusty rose': '#c0737a',
 'xkcd:light violet': '#d6b4fc',
 'xkcd:midnight blue': '#020035',
 'xkcd:bluish purple': '#703be7',
 'xkcd:red orange': '#fd3c06',
 'xkcd:dark magenta': '#960056',
 'xkcd:greenish': '#40a368',
 'xkcd:ocean blue': '#03719c',
 'xkcd:coral': '#fc5a50',
 'xkcd:cream': '#ffffc2',
 'xkcd:reddish brown': '#7f2b0a',
 'xkcd:burnt sienna': '#b04e0f',
 'xkcd:brick': '#a03623',
 'xkcd:sage': '#87ae73',
 'xkcd:grey green': '#789b73',
 'xkcd:white': '#ffffff',
 "xkcd:robin's egg blue": '#98eff9',
 'xkcd:moss green': '#658b38',
 'xkcd:steel blue': '#5a7d9a',
 'xkcd:eggplant': '#380835',
 'xkcd:light yellow': '#fffe7a',
 'xkcd:leaf green': '#5ca904',
 'xkcd:light grey': '#d8dcd6',
 'xkcd:puke': '#a5a502',
 'xkcd:pinkish purple': '#d648d7',
 'xkcd:sea blue': '#047495',
 'xkcd:pale purple': '#b790d4',
 'xkcd:slate blue': '#5b7c99',
 'xkcd:blue grey': '#607c8e',
 'xkcd:hunter green': '#0b4008',
 'xkcd:fuchsia': '#ed0dd9',
 'xkcd:crimson': '#8c000f',
 'xkcd:pale yellow': '#ffff84',
 'xkcd:ochre': '#bf9005',
 'xkcd:mustard yellow': '#d2bd0a',
 'xkcd:light red': '#ff474c',
 'xkcd:cerulean': '#0485d1',
 'xkcd:pale pink': '#ffcfdc',
 'xkcd:deep blue': '#040273',
 'xkcd:rust': '#a83c09',
 'xkcd:light teal': '#90e4c1',
 'xkcd:slate': '#516572',
 'xkcd:goldenrod': '#fac205',
 'xkcd:dark yellow': '#d5b60a',
 'xkcd:dark grey': '#363737',
 'xkcd:army green': '#4b5d16',
 'xkcd:grey blue': '#6b8ba4',
 'xkcd:seafoam': '#80f9ad',
 'xkcd:puce': '#a57e52',
 'xkcd:spring green': '#a9f971',
 'xkcd:dark orange': '#c65102',
 'xkcd:sand': '#e2ca76',
 'xkcd:pastel green': '#b0ff9d',
 'xkcd:mint': '#9ffeb0',
 'xkcd:light orange': '#fdaa48',
 'xkcd:bright pink': '#fe01b1',
 'xkcd:chartreuse': '#c1f80a',
 'xkcd:deep purple': '#36013f',
 'xkcd:dark brown': '#341c02',
 'xkcd:taupe': '#b9a281',
 'xkcd:pea green': '#8eab12',
 'xkcd:puke green': '#9aae07',
 'xkcd:kelly green': '#02ab2e',
 'xkcd:seafoam green': '#7af9ab',
 'xkcd:blue green': '#137e6d',
 'xkcd:khaki': '#aaa662',
 'xkcd:burgundy': '#610023',
 'xkcd:dark teal': '#014d4e',
 'xkcd:brick red': '#8f1402',
 'xkcd:royal purple': '#4b006e',
 'xkcd:plum': '#580f41',
 'xkcd:mint green': '#8fff9f',
 'xkcd:gold': '#dbb40c',
 'xkcd:baby blue': '#a2cffe',
 'xkcd:yellow green': '#c0fb2d',
 'xkcd:bright purple': '#be03fd',
 'xkcd:dark red': '#840000',
 'xkcd:pale blue': '#d0fefe',
 'xkcd:grass green': '#3f9b0b',
 'xkcd:navy': '#01153e',
 'xkcd:aquamarine': '#04d8b2',
 'xkcd:burnt orange': '#c04e01',
 'xkcd:neon green': '#0cff0c',
 'xkcd:bright blue': '#0165fc',
 'xkcd:rose': '#cf6275',
 'xkcd:light pink': '#ffd1df',
 'xkcd:mustard': '#ceb301',
 'xkcd:indigo': '#380282',
 'xkcd:lime': '#aaff32',
 'xkcd:sea green': '#53fca1',
 'xkcd:periwinkle': '#8e82fe',
 'xkcd:dark pink': '#cb416b',
 'xkcd:olive green': '#677a04',
 'xkcd:peach': '#ffb07c',
 'xkcd:pale green': '#c7fdb5',
 'xkcd:light brown': '#ad8150',
 'xkcd:hot pink': '#ff028d',
 'xkcd:black': '#000000',
 'xkcd:lilac': '#cea2fd',
 'xkcd:navy blue': '#001146',
 'xkcd:royal blue': '#0504aa',
 'xkcd:beige': '#e6daa6',
 'xkcd:salmon': '#ff796c',
 'xkcd:olive': '#6e750e',
 'xkcd:maroon': '#650021',
 'xkcd:bright green': '#01ff07',
 'xkcd:dark purple': '#35063e',
 'xkcd:mauve': '#ae7181',
 'xkcd:forest green': '#06470c',
 'xkcd:aqua': '#13eac9',
 'xkcd:cyan': '#00ffff',
 'xkcd:tan': '#d1b26f',
 'xkcd:dark blue': '#00035b',
 'xkcd:lavender': '#c79fef',
 'xkcd:turquoise': '#06c2ac',
 'xkcd:dark green': '#033500',
 'xkcd:violet': '#9a0eea',
 'xkcd:light purple': '#bf77f6',
 'xkcd:lime green': '#89fe05',
 'xkcd:grey': '#929591',
 'xkcd:sky blue': '#75bbfd',
 'xkcd:yellow': '#ffff14',
 'xkcd:magenta': '#c20078',
 'xkcd:light green': '#96f97b',
 'xkcd:orange': '#f97306',
 'xkcd:teal': '#029386',
 'xkcd:light blue': '#95d0fc',
 'xkcd:red': '#e50000',
 'xkcd:brown': '#653700',
 'xkcd:pink': '#ff81c0',
 'xkcd:blue': '#0343df',
 'xkcd:green': '#15b01a',
 'xkcd:purple': '#7e1e9c',
 'xkcd:gray teal': '#5e9b8a',
 'xkcd:purpley gray': '#947e94',
 'xkcd:light gray green': '#b7e1a1',
 'xkcd:reddish gray': '#997570',
 'xkcd:battleship gray': '#6b7c85',
 'xkcd:charcoal gray': '#3c4142',
 'xkcd:grayish teal': '#719f91',
 'xkcd:gray/green': '#86a17d',
 'xkcd:cool gray': '#95a3a6',
 'xkcd:dark blue gray': '#1f3b4d',
 'xkcd:bluey gray': '#89a0b0',
 'xkcd:greeny gray': '#7ea07a',
 'xkcd:bluegray': '#85a3b2',
 'xkcd:light blue gray': '#b7c9e2',
 'xkcd:gray/blue': '#647d8e',
 'xkcd:brown gray': '#8d8468',
 'xkcd:blue/gray': '#758da3',
 'xkcd:grayblue': '#77a1b5',
 'xkcd:dark gray blue': '#29465b',
 'xkcd:grayish': '#a8a495',
 'xkcd:light gray blue': '#9dbcd4',
 'xkcd:pale gray': '#fdfdfe',
 'xkcd:warm gray': '#978a84',
 'xkcd:gray pink': '#c3909b',
 'xkcd:medium gray': '#7d7f7c',
 'xkcd:pinkish gray': '#c8aca9',
 'xkcd:brownish gray': '#86775f',
 'xkcd:purplish gray': '#7a687f',
 'xkcd:grayish pink': '#c88d94',
 'xkcd:grayish brown': '#7a6a4f',
 'xkcd:steel gray': '#6f828a',
 'xkcd:purple gray': '#866f85',
 'xkcd:gray brown': '#7f7053',
 'xkcd:green gray': '#77926f',
 'xkcd:bluish gray': '#748b97',
 'xkcd:slate gray': '#59656d',
 'xkcd:gray purple': '#826d8c',
 'xkcd:greenish gray': '#96ae8d',
 'xkcd:grayish purple': '#887191',
 'xkcd:grayish green': '#82a67d',
 'xkcd:grayish blue': '#5e819d',
 'xkcd:gray green': '#789b73',
 'xkcd:light gray': '#d8dcd6',
 'xkcd:blue gray': '#607c8e',
 'xkcd:dark gray': '#363737',
 'xkcd:gray blue': '#6b8ba4',
 'xkcd:gray': '#929591',
 'aliceblue': '#F0F8FF',
 'antiquewhite': '#FAEBD7',
 'aqua': '#00FFFF',
 'aquamarine': '#7FFFD4',
 ...}
In [62]:
fig = plt.figure('special color',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x,y,color='xkcd:turquoise')
Out[62]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x13b9bae90>]
In [63]:
mcl._colors_full_map['my red'] = '#e00024'
In [64]:
fig = plt.figure('my color',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x,y,color='my red')
Out[64]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x13ba06560>]
In [65]:
!cat uzh_colors.yaml

'UZH Blue' : '#0028A5'
'UZH Blue 1' : '#BDC9E8'
'UZH Blue 2' : '#7596FF'
'UZH Blue 3' : '#3062FF'
'UZH Blue 4' : '#001E7C'
'UZH Blue 5' : '#001452'
'UZH Cyan' : '#4AC9E3'
'UZH Cyan 1' : '#DBF4F9'
'UZH Cyan 2' : '#B7E9F4'
'UZH Cyan 3' : '#92DFEE'
'UZH Cyan 4' : '#1EA7C4'
'UZH Cyan 5' : '#147082'
'UZH Apple' : '#A4D233'
'UZH Apple 1' : '#ECF6D6'
'UZH Apple 2' : '#DBEDAD'
'UZH Apple 3' : '#C8E485'
'UZH Apple 4' : '#7CA023'
'UZH Apple 5' : '#536B18'
'UZH Gold' : '#FFC845'
'UZH Gold 1' : '#FFF4DA'
'UZH Gold 2' : '#FFE9B5'
'UZH Gold 3' : '#FFDE8F'
'UZH Gold 4' : '#F3AB00'
'UZH Gold 5' : '#A27200'
'UZH Orange' : '#FC4C02'
'UZH Orange 1' : '#FFDBCC'
'UZH Orange 2' : '#FEB799'
'UZH Orange 3' : '#FE9367'
'UZH Orange 4' : '#BD3902'
'UZH Orange 5' : '#7E2601'
'UZH Berry' : '#BF0D3E'
'UZH Berry 1' : '#FBC6D4'
'UZH Berry 2' : '#F78CAA'
'UZH Berry 3' : '#F3537F'
'UZH Berry 4' : '#08F0A2E'
'UZH Berry 5' : '#60061F'
'UZH Black' : '#000000'
'UZH Grey 1' : '#C2C2C2'
'UZH Grey 2' : '#A3A3A3'
'UZH Grey 3' : '#666666'
'UZH Grey 4' : '#4D4D4D'
'UZH Grey 5' : '#333333'
'UZH White' : '#FFFFFF'
'UZH Light Grey 1' : '#FAFAFA'
'UZH Light Grey 2' : '#EFEFEF'
'UZH Light Grey 3' : '#E7E7E7'
'UZH Light Grey 4' : '#E0E0E0'
'UZH Light Grey 5' : '#D7D7D7'
In [66]:
import yaml
In [67]:
with open('uzh_colors.yaml') as f_i:
    colors = yaml.load(f_i,yaml.BaseLoader)
In [68]:
for name,color in colors.items():
    mcl._colors_full_map[name] = color
In [69]:
fig = plt.figure('UZH color',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x,y,color='UZH Berry')
Out[69]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x13ba57220>]
In [70]:
from matplotlib import cm as mcm
In [71]:
new_cmap = mcl.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("UZH CMap", ["UZH Orange","UZH Grey 1","UZH Blue"])
new_cmap
Out[71]:
UZH CMap
UZH CMap colormap
under
bad
over
In [72]:
mcm.register_cmap("UZH CMap",new_cmap)
In [73]:
fig = plt.figure('my contour plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.contourf(xg, yg, z, 20, cmap='UZH CMap')
plt.show()

Clean-up¶

Deleting figures¶

In [74]:
for i in range(21):
    fig = plt.figure('{0:d}'.format(i))
    ax = fig.subplots()

/var/folders/z1/pxv05sfd3l59nrf3m04qfz9c0000gn/T/ipykernel_89206/2377671281.py:2: RuntimeWarning: More than 20 figures have been opened. Figures created through the pyplot interface (`matplotlib.pyplot.figure`) are retained until explicitly closed and may consume too much memory. (To control this warning, see the rcParam `figure.max_open_warning`).
  fig = plt.figure('{0:d}'.format(i))
In [75]:
plt.close("all")
In [76]:
for i in range(21):
    fig = plt.figure('{0:d}'.format(i))
    ax = fig.subplots()
    plt.close()
In [77]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
plt.cla()
In [78]:
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
Out[78]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x13c485780>]
In [79]:
fig
Out[79]:
In [80]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots(1,2)
ax[0].plot(x[::-1],y)
ax[1].plot(x,y)
plt.clf()

<Figure size 600x400 with 0 Axes>
In [81]:
ax = fig.subplots(1,2)
ax[0].plot(x[::-1],y)
ax[1].plot(x,y)
Out[81]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1421f6140>]
In [82]:
fig
Out[82]:

Behaviour in jupyter notebooks¶

Via the magic command %matplotlib with the values

  • inline: static graphic in the notebook
  • notebook: subwindow within notebook that allows to perform manipulations as if the code is executed in a normal python shell
In [83]:
%matplotlib notebook
In [84]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
Out[84]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x142290220>]
In [85]:
%matplotlib inline
In [86]:
fig = plt.figure('my plot',figsize=(6,4))
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.plot(x[::-1],y)
Out[86]:
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1422eb1f0>]